The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.